NORTH INDIAN DYNASTY
There were different North Indian Dynasty in India.
- Pushyabhuti Dynasty
- Pala dynasty
- Sen dynasty
- Pratihara dynasty
- Chahamana or Chouhan dynasty
- Sisodiya dynasty
- Rasthrakuta dynasty
- Vakataka Dynasty
1. PUSHYABHUTI DYNASTY (500AD-647AD)
The rulers were – Pushyabhuti ( 550-555), Aditya Vardhan (555-580), Prabhakar Vardhan ( 580 –
605), Rajya Vardhan (605-606), Harsh Vardhan (606-647).
The Pushyabhuti dynasty was founded by Pushyabhuti.
His capital was at Thaneswar.
He was succeeded by Aditya Vardhana.
The first important ruler of this dynasty was Prabhakar Vardhan.
He was blessed with three children from his wife Yosomati Devi
1.Rajya Vardhan2.Rajya Shree 3.Harshavardhan
He was succeeded by his son Rajya Vardhan.
His daughter Rajya shree married Grahavarman of Kaunoj of the Makuhari dynasty.
Grahavarman, the Makuhari king of Kaunoj was defeated and killed by Devagupta.
He campaigned against Devagupta, ruler of Malwa, and killed but he was killed by Shashanka who was the ruler of Gaud.
After the death of his elder brother, Harshavardhan ascended the throne of the Pushvabhuti dynasty and started a new era called the Harsha era in the year 606 AD.
He adopted the title of Rajaputra solidity.
He changed his capital from Thaneswar to Kaunoj.
He defeated Shasanka and escaped his sister Rajyashree
He marched towards the south but was defeated by PULAKESIN II on the riverbank of Narmada.
Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang (the prince of travellers) visited his court).
He spent about 8 years in the dominions of Harshavardhan.
He was a devotee of Shiva earlier but later adopted Mayayana Buddhism.
He organized two grand assembles Kaunoj and Prayag.
At Prayag, Harsha Vardhan used to celebrate religious festivals at the end of every five year which was the beginning of Kumbha Fair.
He was a great author who wrote Ratnavali, Priyadarsika and Nagananda
Banabhatta was his court poet. He wrote Harshacharita and Kadambari.
In 647 AD Harsha died and succeeded by Yoshavar man.
Also read this: VEDIC AGE – Early & Later with Social, Political, Economic, Cultural Life Notes
(Indian Dynasty-North to South India)
2. PALA DYNASTY(750AD-1174 AD)
Basically, they belong to Bengal
Capital – Monghyr, religion – Buddhism
The Pala dynasty was founded by Gopala who was an elected king.
He was succeeded by Dharmapala.
Dharmapala founded the Vikramashila University and revived Nalanda University.
Devapala was the greatest ruler of the Pala dynasty who defeated Pratihara ruler Bhoja and Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghavarsha.
He won Bengal and Orissa.
Madanpala was the last ruler of the Pala dynasty.
The Palas were replaced by Sens in Bengal.
3. SEN DYNAST (1070AD-1270AD)
The Sen dynasty was founded by Hemanta Sen.
Laxan sen was the most important ruler of Sen dynasty.
His court poet was Jaidev who wrote Gita Govind.
Dhoyi was another writer during Laxman Sen who wrote Pavandutam.
4. PRATIHARA DYNASTY(730AD-1036AD)
- The Pratihara were also called Gurjara Pratihara. It had two branches
1.Jodhpur
2.Ujjain
Nagabhatta was the founder of Pratihara dynasty with capital Ujiain.
The ruler of Jodhpur was Harichandra
The greatest Pratihara ruler was Mihira Bhoja I. He was also called Adivaraha as the devotee of Vishnu.
He was succeeded by Mahendrapala.
Rajasekhar was his teacher and court poet. He was a celebrated poet, the dramatist who wrote Karpuramanjari, Kavya Mimansa, Bal Ramayan, Harvilash, Bal Bharat and Prapanch Pandav etc.
They were succeeded by Chandela Paramara
Upendra was the founder of Paramara dynasty.
Also read this: Buddhism And Jainism Notes For UPSC
(Indian Dynasty-North to South India)
5. CHOUHAN DYNASTY (1178AD-1192 AD)
Prithviraj Chouhan was the notable ruler of the Chouhan dynasty. He was the son of Someshvara and Kamaladevi.
His time period was (1178AD-1192 AD).
His other name was Prithviraja III or Rai Pithora
He was the predecessor of Some Shavara
In 1191 he defeated Md.Ghori in the first battle of Tarain.
In 1192 he defeated by MD. Ghori in the Second Battle of Tarain.
Chand Bardai was his court poet who wrote Pruthviraj Raso.
In 1192 he died.
He succeeded by his son Govindaraja IV
6. SISODIA DYNASTY
It was founded by Hamir Singh
Kumbha Karna or popularly known as Rana Kumbha was the first important ruler of the Sisodiva dynasty.
He built Vijay Stambha (victory of the tower) at Chittor.
It was also known as Vishnu Stambha.
Rana Kumbha was succeeded by his son Udai Singh.
Rana sangha was another known ruler of the Sisodiya dynasty.
He was defeated by Babur in the battle of Kanauj in the year 1527
Pratap Singh was the most known ruler of this dynasty.
He was popularly known as Maharana Pratap.
He was defeated by Man Singh on behalf of Akbar in the battle of Haldighati in the year 1576
7. RASTRAKUTA DYNASTY
It was founded by Dantidurga.
Krishna I was one of the important rulers of the Rastrakuta dynasty. The famous rock-cut Shiva temple at Ellora was his greatest contribution.
Amoghvarsha was another ruler of Rastrakuta dynasty.
He wrote Kavirajamarga which was the earliest book on Kannada literature.
Rashtrakuta was credited with the building of cave shrine at Elephanta.
It was dedicated to Lord Shiva who was also known Trimurti. It was among the most magnificent art creations of India.
The Trimurti of Shiva represents as creator, preserver, and destroyer.
(Indian Dynasty-North to South India)
8. VAKATAKA DYNASTY
It was founded by Vindhyasakti
It was a Brahmin dynasty.
The most important king of Vakataka was Pravarsen-I
He performed four Ashwamedha Yagyans.
Rudrasen I was another Vakataka ruler who married to Prabhawati daughter of Chandragupta II
SOUTH INDIAN DYNASTY
There were different South Indian dynastyThe prominent were:
- Chalukya
- Pallava
- Chola
- Pandya
- Chera
1. CHALUKYA DYNASTY (543AD-753AD)
Chalukyan dynasty was founded by Pulakesin-I. His capital was Vatapai/Badam. He was succeeded by Kirtivarman.
The Most important ruler of the Chalukya dynasty was Pulakesin II.
He defeated Harsha Vardhan on the riverbank of Narmada.
His court poet was Ravikirti.
Aihole inscription by Ravikirti gives important information about Pulakesin II.
Hiuen-Tsang visited his court.
Pulakesin II was defeated by Narasingh Varman I
He was succeeded by his son – Vikramaditya
Kirtivarman II was the last ruler of chalukyan dynasty.
There was two more Chalukyan dynasty.
Eastern Chalukya with capital Vengi
Western Chalukya with capital Kalyani
In 753 AD Chalukyan came into the end.
2. PALLAVA DYNASTY(275AD-897AD)
Sinha Vishnu was the founder of the Pallava dynasty.
His capital was Kanchi.
Narasingh Varman I was the greatest king of the Pallava dynasty.
He defeated Pulakesin II and took the title of Vatapikonda.
Hieun Tsang visited Kanchi during his reign.
He built the famous Ratha temple at Mahabalipuram.
Narasingh varman II was another important ruler of the Pallava dynasty.
He built the Kailashnath temple at Kanchi.
Dandin was a court poet who wrote Dasakumara Charita.
Bharavi was another literary person during the Pallava Dynasty who wrote Kiratarjuniya.
The Pallavas were succeeded by Cholas.
The Pallava dynasty came to the end in 897 AD.
Aparjit Burman was the last ruler of the Pallava dynasty.
(Indian Dynasty-North to South India)
3. CHOLA DYNASTY (850-1279AD)
The Chola dynasty was founded by Vijayalaya.
The capital was Tanjore
He was succeeded by Aditya Chola I
Parantaka I was a ruler of Chola dynasty
He was defeated by Krishna III, a Rastrakuta ruler in 949 in the battle of Takkolam.
The greatest Chola rulers were Raja Raja -1 and Rajendra $1 .$
Rajraj I founded the largest dominion in South India.
He annexed Northern Sri Lanka and named it Mammudicholamandalam. He also annexed Maldive island.
He built a Shiva temple called Rajarajeswar temple at Tanjore.
He was succeeded by his son Rajendra I
Rajendra I took the title of Gangaikonda and founded Gangaikonda Cholapuram.
During his time Chola navy was the strongest for some time.
He was succeeded by Rajendra Chola II- Vira Rajendra Chola
Kulatunga III was the most peace thinking king of Chola dynasty who discarded war and worked for peace.
Kamban was a medieval Tamil poet who authored Ramavataram – popularly known as the Tamil version of Ramayana
Kulatunga III was the last great Chola ruler.
Rajendra Chola III was the last ruler of Chola dynasty.
IMPORTANT OF CHOLA’S
The famous figure of dancing Shiva (Nataraja) was the greatest contribution of Chola words.The other contribution of Chola was local self govt.
The Chola Empire was divided into 6 provinces called Mandalam administered by governorsGroup of villages known as Kurram.UP was the type of assembly of common villages.
All members of the village could become the member of Ur. The gopuram type of gateways developed during CholasThe Chola temple had massive towers known as Vimanas.
(Indian Dynasty-North to South India)
4. PANDYA’S DYNASTY
The Pandya dynasty was founded by Kadungon. The capital of the Pandya dynasty was Madurai
He was succeeded by Avani sulamani
Nedunjeliyan II 210AD was the greatest early Pandya kings he defeated Cheta and Cholas.
During pandyas the literacy assemblies called Sangam held Sangam literature or Tamilakan 473
1st – Madurai – Agastya
2nd- Kapatapuram – Agastya + Talkappiyar
3rd – Madurai – Nakkeerar
5. CHERA DYNASTY
Uthian Cheralanthan or Udian Cheralanthan
The Cheras were also called Kerala Putras.
Nedum cheralathan was the second known Chera king
The capital was at Vanji.
Sengutuvan was the greatest among the Chera king. He was also called Red Chera. Never lost the battle.
(Indian Dynasty-North to South India)